"chu nom" meaning in English

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "vi",
        "3": "chữ Nôm"
      },
      "expansion": "Vietnamese chữ Nôm",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Vietnamese chữ Nôm.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "nolinkhead": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "chu nom (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Korean translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Vietnamese",
          "orig": "en:Vietnamese",
          "parents": [
            "Languages",
            "Language",
            "Names",
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Writing systems",
          "orig": "en:Writing systems",
          "parents": [
            "Writing",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Language",
            "Human",
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1997, Wm. C. Hannas, Asia's Orthographic Dilemma, page 83:",
          "text": "Chữ nôm was known only by the 5 percent or less of Vietnam's educated population, who used it not as a primary medium but rather as an aid to learning Chinese and for recording folk literature.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1998, Kevin Bowen, Ba Chung Nguyen, Bruce Weigl, editors, Mountain River, page xxiv:",
          "text": "To write a vernacular word, Chu Nom used two Chinese ideograms—one to indicate the meaning, the other the sound.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016, Christopher Goscha, The Penguin History of Modern Vietnam, Penguin, published 2017, page 106:",
          "text": "[P]olitical reforms along Western lines […] included […] developing modern science, agriculture, and commerce, and even creating a national writing system based on chu nom: ‘Have we not talented persons able to devise a script which will transcribe our national language?’",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A writing system formerly used for Vietnamese, based on Chinese characters."
      ],
      "id": "en-chu_nom-en-noun--338a~wQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "writing system",
          "writing system"
        ],
        [
          "Vietnamese",
          "Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "Chinese",
          "Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "character",
          "character"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A writing system formerly used for Vietnamese, based on Chinese characters."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "chữ nôm"
        },
        {
          "word": "Chu Nom"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "zìnán",
          "sense": "writing system",
          "word": "字喃"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "nánzì",
          "sense": "writing system",
          "word": "喃字"
        },
        {
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "sense": "writing system",
          "word": "チュノム"
        },
        {
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "jjeunom",
          "sense": "writing system",
          "word": "쯔놈"
        },
        {
          "alt": "字喃",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "writing system",
          "word": "chữ Nôm"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Chu Nom"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃuː ˈnoʊm/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "chu nom"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "vi",
        "3": "chữ Nôm"
      },
      "expansion": "Vietnamese chữ Nôm",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Vietnamese chữ Nôm.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "nolinkhead": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "chu nom (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English multiword terms",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms borrowed from Vietnamese",
        "English terms derived from Vietnamese",
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "Entries with translation boxes",
        "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "Terms with Japanese translations",
        "Terms with Korean translations",
        "Terms with Mandarin translations",
        "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
        "Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes",
        "en:Vietnamese",
        "en:Writing systems"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1997, Wm. C. Hannas, Asia's Orthographic Dilemma, page 83:",
          "text": "Chữ nôm was known only by the 5 percent or less of Vietnam's educated population, who used it not as a primary medium but rather as an aid to learning Chinese and for recording folk literature.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1998, Kevin Bowen, Ba Chung Nguyen, Bruce Weigl, editors, Mountain River, page xxiv:",
          "text": "To write a vernacular word, Chu Nom used two Chinese ideograms—one to indicate the meaning, the other the sound.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016, Christopher Goscha, The Penguin History of Modern Vietnam, Penguin, published 2017, page 106:",
          "text": "[P]olitical reforms along Western lines […] included […] developing modern science, agriculture, and commerce, and even creating a national writing system based on chu nom: ‘Have we not talented persons able to devise a script which will transcribe our national language?’",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A writing system formerly used for Vietnamese, based on Chinese characters."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "writing system",
          "writing system"
        ],
        [
          "Vietnamese",
          "Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "Chinese",
          "Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "character",
          "character"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A writing system formerly used for Vietnamese, based on Chinese characters."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Chu Nom"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃuː ˈnoʊm/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "chữ nôm"
    },
    {
      "word": "Chu Nom"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "zìnán",
      "sense": "writing system",
      "word": "字喃"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "nánzì",
      "sense": "writing system",
      "word": "喃字"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "writing system",
      "word": "チュノム"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "jjeunom",
      "sense": "writing system",
      "word": "쯔놈"
    },
    {
      "alt": "字喃",
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "writing system",
      "word": "chữ Nôm"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chu nom"
}